The Importance of the Presence of the Mother - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3365 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category People Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The Importance of the Presence of the Mother During the First Three Years Organized by Sheila Kippley (February 28, 2005) Purpose Mothers have told me that they have been influenced by those experts and writers who state that the presence of the mother during the early years is extremely important to their child’s optimal development. This knowledge has helped them to make decisions that enable them to remain with their children or at least cut back on their hours away from their little ones. There are many different views on how to raise children, but this is not the place to have a discussion on parenting issues. Many experts and ordinary persons agree that the mother plays an important role in the development of her child, emotionally, physically, and spiritually even if they disagree on practical parenting issues. I will provide quotations to show the importance of the presence of the mother during the first three years of a child’s life. I want to stress that using a quotation from a particular book or author does not endorse that expert’s or writer’s views on parenting. Schools and churches need to do more to educate teenagers and young adults about the importance of mother-baby togetherness during the early years. They also need to teach them how to go through college with as little debt as possible. Many couples marry with such a high debt that it is almost impossible for the wife to remain home with the arrival of their first baby. Granted there are some mothers who have to work to provide for the basic necessities of her baby or family. Maybe the mother is a single parent or maybe her husband died. Maybe the finances are such that the mother has to set a goal of being a stay-at-home mom at a much later date. These types of mothers need our support plus the support of their churches and community. Today most agree that a major reason for crime and gang activity among juveniles is the absence of the father in the home. Yet even one â€Å"father† expert, David Blankenhorn, author of Fatherless America, states that the most important relationship during the early years is the mother and baby dyad and that the dad should soon become that most significant and intimate other. I am well aware that our society assumes today that the mother will return to work after childbirth. The new mother usually assumes it as well. Hardly anyone tells her differently. I hope these quotations will encourage some serious thought on this subject. Quotations Supporting the Importance of the Presence of the Mother During the First Three Years of Life â€Å"A child’s early years hold the clues to his future behavior as an adult. Society stands to gain or lose, depending on the soundness of mother-baby attachment. La Leche League is committed to the belief that babies and mothers need to be together in the early years. We are convinced that a baby’s needs for his mother’s loving pr esence is as basic as his need for food. La Leche League International, The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding, 7th ed. , pp. 167-168. 1 â€Å"What is so important about the breastfeeding—especially ecological breastfeeding and prolonged lactation—is that it gives a baby both the nurturing and the best nutrition. Prolonged lactation naturally provides those two realities that make such a positive difference! And, most importantly, prolonged lactation keeps the mother available and hopefully responsive and sensitive to her baby’s needs during those crucial first three years of life. Sheila Kippley, Breastfeeding and Natural Child Spacing, 4th ed. , p. 106. â€Å"As medical experts and experienced mothers agree, breastfeeding works best when baby and mother are in constant proximity to each other. The typical breastfed baby eats every two to four hours, often around the clock and sometimes for months on end. In fact, nothing could be more inimical to full-time, out-of -the-house employment†¦It would be better for both children and adults if more American parents were with their kids more of the time. That is to say, it would be better if more mothers with a genuine choice in the matter did stay home and/or work part-time rather than full-time and if more parents entertaining separation or divorce did stay together for the sake of the kids. † Mary Eberstadt, Home-Alone America, pp. 47-48, 172. â€Å"A baby must have a mother, a mother who is mature enough to attend to its needs and provide so-called object constancy for a minimum of three years The mothering function is one of the most important of all human events but, unfortunately, one of the least appreciated or regarded by society. † Harold Voth, M. D. Medical Times, November 1980. â€Å"Let me once again emphasize that the natural transitions between sexual intercourse, pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding, and early childhood form a cohesive physiological basis for the deve lopment of maternal-infant attachment as it gradually progresses from conception to weaning in the second or third year of life. No amount of technology will improve on this biologically determined pattern that was set in place by a personal Creator, nor can anything that is artificially produced fully replace the spiritual significance and the emotional satisfaction that these experiences can produce in a woman’s life. Debra Evans, Heart Home, p. 133. â€Å"In the first three years of life every human being undergoes yet a second birth, in which he is born as a psychological being possessing selfhood and separate identity. The quality of self an infant achieves in those crucial three years will profoundly affect all of his subsequent existence. † Louise Kaplan, Ph. D. , Oneness Separateness, p. 15. â€Å"Many people have suggested that day and night care centers for children are an answer for women’s need to do more than child care. They propose that we chan nel millions of dollars and equal number of hours into organizing such places. But this is not the answer for the demands on the mother during this early infant adjustment period. One thing we have learned about children in the past few decades is that they do best in early infancy if they are principally cared for by their own mothers. Given a reasonably stable household and a level of economic stability where the children can receive all the emotional and 2 physical benefits offered to the general population, mothers responding to their own children are still best. † Dana Raphael, The Tender Gift: Breastfeeding, p. 168. When I review all the information available to us today, then I conclude that the mother is the best caretaker for the child, particularly during its infancy†¦As I have said, there are cases where surrogate mothers are necessary, but all things being equal, there is no substitute for a child’s own parents, especially his mother. † Bennett Olshaker, M. D. , The Child as a Work of Art, p. pp. 39-40. â€Å"First, a baby needs a mother†¦ Not just any kind of mother and not necessarily his natural mother, but a single, consistent, loving person to care for him. Babies kept in foundling homes thrive poorly. Many seem not to be babies at all. Listless and withdrawn, they frequently grow to childhood as troublesome disturbed children, unable either to accept or give love. † Charles and Audrey Riker, Understanding Parenthood, p. 36-37. â€Å"If we assume that the sixth leading cause of death in the U. S. and the third leading cause of death in adolescence is not an inherited affliction, suicide must have its beginning in early life experiences. In the first eight months of life, an infant puts all of its eggs into one basket, in the basket of the mother or surrogate mother, that I call â€Å"thee one,† the one no one else will do for that infant†¦ It’s my contention that the first introd uction to wish to be dead is when mother is not there and is not available. † Edgar Draper, M. D. , LLLI Convention, 1981. â€Å"The child’s social development is always retarded if the child does not have a single main mother figure constantly about him, i. e. , a person who has enough time and motherly love for the child. In this sentence, every word is equally important. Single does not mean two, three or four persons. Constant means always the same person. Motherly means a person, who shows all of the behavior toward the child, which we designate as ‘motherly. ’ Main mother figure means that secondary mother figures (father, brothers, sisters, grandparents) may support the main mother figure, but not substitute for her. Person means that the respective adult has to support the child with his whole being and has to have time for the child. Theodore Hellbrugge, Child and Family, 1979. â€Å"A little baby needs continuity of care; all our studies sugg est that too frequent changes of the mothering person are hard on children. If a mother works full-time, it is very difficult for her to provide this continuity. A small child also needs someone who is intensely interested in him or her, who will spend endless hours, responding and initiating, repeating sounds, noting nuances of expression, reinforcing new skills, bolstering self-confidence and a sense of self. Margaret Mead, Catholic World, November 1970. â€Å"Mother and child are inseparable†¦ For the mother has to feed her child, and therefore she cannot leave him at home when she goes out. To this need for food is added their mutual fondness and love. In this way, the child’s need for nutrition, and the love that 3 unites these two beings, both combine in solving the problem of the child’s adaptation to the world, and this happens in the most natural way possible. Mother and child are one. Except where civilization has broken down this custom, no mother e ver entrusts her child to someone else†¦ Another point is the custom of prolonging the period of maternal feeding. Sometimes this lasts for a year and a half; sometimes for two, or even three years. This has nothing to do with the child’s nutritional needs, because for some time he has been able to assimilate other kinds of food; but prolonged lactation requires the mother to remain with her child, and this satisfies her unconscious need to give her offspring the help of a full social life on which to construct his mind. Maria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, pp. 105-106. â€Å"If the bottle is substituted for the breast, the biological necessity for the infant to experience intimacy in a close ventral clasp must be compensated for through the mother’s intelligent knowing or her intuitive understanding that the baby needs both food and love in her arms. It is no longer ‘built in’ the program†¦ Whereas the breast necessarily, automatically, binds the baby to a specific person, his mother, the bottle does not guarantee this union†¦ The breast was ‘intended’ to bind the baby and his mother for the first year or two years of life. If we read the biological program correctly, the period of breastfeeding insured continuity of mothering as part of the program for the formation of human bonds. † Selma Fraiberg, Every Child’s Birthright, pp. 27-28. â€Å"Breastfeeding is a very ingenious arrangement for bringing two humans close together. You cannot breastfeed at arm’s length. You simply have to hold your child close to you—there is no getting away from it. Body touches body. Warmth melds with warmth. Mother’s arms have to hold her child. Her strength is the child’s support. In breastfeeding, a mother is one with her child. She gives herself. She feels like a mother, and baby feels that he has a mother. Inevitably mother and child get to know each other more intimatel y. It simply cannot be otherwise! † James L. Hymes, Jr. , The Child Under Six, p. 46. â€Å"During the first three years the child should stay with his mother. The younger a child, the more he needs his mother and the lower the danger when his father is not there. Working parents give one, two, or three hours when the child needs eight to nine hours. Horst Schetelig, M. D. , LLLI Convention 1981. â€Å"We have given evidence that according to the natural law breastfeeding is a duty of good mothering. It is the optimal way to nurture the physical and emotional-relational dimensions of the human infant. † Rev. William Virtue, Mother and Infant, p. 269. â€Å"By being the person who is continually there with and for her child, by being the one to whom he turns for love, attention, guidance, assurance, and reassurance, the mother becomes the most important person in her child’s life. At this level of responsibility, power is at stake—not the power of mana ging somebody else’s dollar, but the power of influencing somebody else’s character, personality, and use of intellect†¦ When a woman decides to leave her career to mother her child, she chooses not to leave the transmission 4 of beliefs and values, the perspectives on life’s more elemental and crucial questions, to anyone else, but rather elects to take the ultimate responsibility herself. † Arlene Rossen Cardozo, Sequencing, pp. 56-157. â€Å"Young children need an uninterrupted, intimate, continuous connection with their mothers, especially in the very early month and years. An avalanche of recent ‘attachment studies’ has shown that although fathers are terribly important to any child’s development, attachment bonding is overwhelmingly a matter of the quality and continuance of the relationship between the mother and her children in the early stages of life. † William Gairdner, The War Against the Family, pp. 338-339. Bec ause love holds together the delicate membranes of human society and is the basis of our relationship with God, the chief need of the child is to experience love leading to a healthy self-love and to be able to love others as he has learned to love himself. Since love is taught essentially through a one-to-one relationship, nature sees to it that the vast majority of babies come one at a time, so that each child has his or her private tutor of love. For this task, nature has selected the mother. As a female, her capacity to care for the newborn is unique†¦Major authorities now universally agree as a result of studies of the past fifteen years that, for the optimum personal maturation of the child, the child needs the full-time attention of the mother or a full-time mother substitute during the first three years of life. † Herbert Ratner, M. D. , Nature, the Physician, and the Family, pp. 157, 162. â€Å"The ongoing political debate over day care and family-leave polic y—which can only be expected to intensify in the next few years—is an indirect acknowledgment of the real child care crisis. More and more children are being reared by someone other than their parents and outside of the home, deprived of the only environment in which they can expect to receive the personal attention, affection, and energetic devotion they require. While feminists and other day care advocates have repeatedly asserted that government must ensure access to ‘affordable, high-quality day care’ for all who want it, they assuredly are not referring to the only child care we know of that fits that description. What is needed is for someone to make the argument for the best (in fact the only workable) system of child care the world has known: mom. Brian Robertson, There’s No Place Like Work, p. 32. â€Å"I urge you not to delegate the primary child-rearing task to anyone else during your child’s first three years of life. † Burton White, The Family in America, February 1991. â€Å"The advantages of breastfeeding during the first year of life on subsequent development and into adulthood have been demonstrated by a number of investigators. The evidence indicates that the infant should be breastfed for at least twelve months, and terminated only when the infant is ready for it, by gradual steps in which solid foods, which can begin at six months, commence to serve as substitutes for the breast. The mother will generally sense when the baby is ready for weaning†¦ Much else could be said on the advantages of breastfeeding accruing to both mother and child; the aim is, of course, to 5 give the child something rather more than an adequate diet, to provide it, in sum, with an emotional environment of security and love in which the whole creature can thrive. Breastfeeding alone will not secure this. It is the mother’s total relatedness to her child that makes breastfeeding significant. † A shley Montagu, Touching, p. 73-74. â€Å"Dr. Roland Summit, a psychiatrist at U. C. L. A. who has specialized in the treatment of sexually abused children for 15 years, is among those researchers who stress that no scientific data exist to support the view that there is more sexual abuse of children now than in previous decades. ‘But,’ he said, ‘There is no question from all the research, that the risk of exploitation for a child increases directly as the child is removed further from the care of its biological mother. There is a population of child predators, who will grab any opportunity to gain access to a child. † Ronald Lindsey, New York Times, April 4, 1984, p. A21. â€Å"Per capita disposable income in constant dollars is more than twice as high as it was in 1950, and three times as high as in 1930. Parents then sacrificed for their children and made do with what they had. Today, on the other hand, we never seem to have enough. The same materiali sm that leads to today’s high crime rates mandates that even children are to be neglected so that the more powerful members of society, adults, may have more material luxuries (bigger houses, newer cars). All of this contributes to a crime rate among white children that, it bears repeating, is now growing at more than double the rate of growth among black juveniles†¦ Other familial disorders have lately befallen the American family, and similarly conspire against long-term civil unity. For instance, America’s estimated 3. 4 million latchkey children are a bigger immediate threat to society than day care because they are not infants; the hours that they spend at home alone at the end of the day, waiting for parents to return from work, give them far more opportunities for antisocial activities than their smaller siblings have. We might place the other various familial shortcomings on a continuum of parent selfishness. They range from†¦ day care (two pare nts in the evening), to divorce (weekend parenting, at best, for the man), to illegitimacy (no second parent at all), to child abuse, to abortion/infanticide. Children †¦are taught, literally from the cradle, that life is looking out for number one. † Andrew Peyton Thomas, Crime and the Sacking of America, pp. 169-170. â€Å"Full-time day care, particularly group care, is not an adequate substitute for time spent with parents, and can be especially harmful for children under the age of three. For two years we watched day care children in our preschool/day care center respond to the stresses of eight to ten hours a day of separation from their parents with tear, anger, withdrawal, or profound sadness, and we found, to our dismay, that nothing in our own affection and caring for these children would erase this sense of loss and abandonment. We came to realize that the amount of separation—the number of hours a day spent away from the parents—is a critical factor. † William and Wendy Dreskin, The Day Care Decision, p. 18. â€Å"Fall in love with your baby, through a positive birth experience, for baby, mother and father. Strengthen that love by breastfeeding your child until he or she no longer needs it. Keep your baby with you as much as possible; separations and changing caregivers make 6 it hard to learn trust†¦ The greatest cruelty is to maim a person emotionally, to screw them up inside their minds, so they can never form an affectionate relationship with another human being, so they can never trust another human being, so they don’t have the capacity for empathy. † Elliott Barker M. D. , video of â€Å"When You Can’t Feel No Love† and â€Å"The Greatest Cruelty† by the Canadian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. 7 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Importance of the Presence of the Mother" essay for you Create order

The Black Panther Party Was Created Originally In 1966

The Black Panther Party was created originally in 1966 and was initially known as the ‘The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense’ but is now mostly known as the BPP or the Black Panther Party. It was created by Dr. Huey P. Newton alongside five other individuals who were the founding members; Bobby Seale, Bobby Hutton, Elbert Howard, Reggie Forte and Sherwin Forte (David Cunningham 87). The initial mission of the BPP was to act as a police force to oversee the actual police force in Oakland, California, which was the place where BPP was originally created. Later on, as the popularity of the group spread, they developed several factions across America. They comprised of armed citizens, who kept an eye on police interactions and dealings with†¦show more content†¦The original party was extremely Marxist in its orientation, whereas the new one rejects both Maosim and Marxism in favor of what they perceive to be the African American alternatives to different forms of capitalism. The new Black Panther Party continues to identify itself with the original party and its members articulate that they are carrying on the legacy. However, members of the general public alongside important members of the original party view the new party as largely illegitimate. The group has even been sued by the Huey Newton Foundation members, in order to stop this new group from using the name of the original party in their organization’s title. The new party views capitalism as the main issue that it has with the current world order, and says that the solution lies with leading a revolution. However, it does not draw its influenced from Maosim or Marxism, and instead adheres to the Kawaida theory propagated by Maulana Karenga. The main essence of this theory calls for cooperative economics, collective action and black unity. 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The Holy Spirit

Question: Write an essay onThe Holy Spirit. Answer: Based on the given reading, I have come to an understanding of the Holy Spirit. It is not possible to follow God if we do not follow the Spirit. Every individual is accountable to God in the manner we control our body. In my understanding, the Holy Spirit is a real person that resides within the true followers of Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Holy Trinity.The Holy Spirit plays many roles. Primarily, he acts as a witness to Christ and narrates the truth about peoples heart. The Spirit also plays the role of a Christian teacher and reveals the Almightys will. The Holy Spirit comforts people when they are hurt and does not leave them as orphans. He also acts as a Counsellor who guides each one of us in our daily lives. The Holy Spirit helps us in not going astray. However, it is important to remember that the Spirit cannot do our work. We are responsible for our deeds and he shall not interrupt us from doing anything that goes against the Scripture. In my opinion, people need to understand the difference in voices between our own desires and the Holy Spirit. In my experience, I often justify my actions by saying that my conscience told me. I must check the same by checking this voice against the truth of Gods word.Conclusively, I can say that we can truly judge if we are being led by the Spirit by assessing the fruit of our life. Certain things such as joy, love, wisdom, self-control, kindness, faithfulness, self-control and patience are evidence of being led by the Holy Spirit. We must rely on God to produce these qualities in us.

Juno Design Mise-En-Scene Essay Example

Juno Design Mise-En-Scene Essay Topic 1 – Design Mise-en-scene A movie is not just a motion picture, it is an art form. An art form that is put together by many shots and with that several shots it makes a scene. Editing shots and scenes can setup the mise-en-scene, also known as staging, and the visual design of a film. In the film, Juno (2007) Directed by Jason Reitman, it starts off showing a pregnant teen walking down a pathway with a sunny d drink, this shows the audience that the director is trying to tell us that Ellen Page is the main character of this film. The directorial decisions made in this film can be analyzed only if the audience catches what the director is trying to say or make us see. From the lighting to the composition of the film it can set up the mood that the movie is currently in. When watching a movie sometimes the introduction can give the audiences a feel of what the movie is already about. Using a certain type of music, a certain type of clothing and a certain type of light can set up the design of the film throughout the movie. Juno has both closed space and open space because there is a scene where she stands in front of a chair which the audience can also see the background scenery of the horizon and it zooms in to Ellen Page’s face and she drinks her sunny d and speaks from her mind that only the audience can hear. Dynamic frame is employed in this film because the frame controls our perception of the world inside the movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Juno Design Mise-En-Scene specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Juno Design Mise-En-Scene specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Juno Design Mise-En-Scene specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The composition of a film is the process of visualizing and putting visualization into practice such as using deep and flat space. When Juno and her best friend Leah sits on a bench drinking a smoothie talking about what she can do to find a solution of the situation of the baby, when the camera shows an article in the penny saver of the couple that can adopt, and when Juno and her father goes out to see the couple and there is a shot of the van going through a neighborhood with similar buildings, are examples of flat space. When Paulie Bleeker starts his day to run with his track team and sees Juno in the front of his porch in the chair, when Juno is at the doctors and the camera zooms into varies things such as children and tapping of fingers to see the inside of Juno’s thoughts, when Juno and her best friend are at the mall and sees Vanessa, the upcoming mother that is going to adopt Juno’s baby, the camera focus on her from a second story, are examples of deep space. The director wants the audience to have a depth of perception in the film; from using that style of composition it can show a surprise or suspense within the film. Music can play a big role in a director’s vision of making this film. Using sound and light can make the audience expect what is going to happen next or maybe can trick the audience of what is expected. Just by using the tempo of sound which beats like someone’s heart can show a sense of suspense, which then you can find the rising action. In the beginning of the film Juno walks to the store and buys a pregnancy test and finds out that she is pregnant is one event that the film demonstrates rising action. When Juno has the struggle to telling her father and step mother that she is pregnant and when Juno meets the parents in the penny saver for the first time are more key events demonstrating rising action that the director shows in the film. The Climax of the film is when Juno finally gives birth to her child and Pualie Beeker already knows where she is when she doesn’t show up for his track competition which is a typical Hollywood-style of storytelling when he runs to the hospital. The director choose to manipulate audio the way he does because maybe he wants the audience to watch a film that in today’s world of teen pregnancy but in a more entertaining way but still sending a message to the audience. The visual mise-en-scene contributes to the story and drives each scene forward by putting comedy and issues in a reality. â€Å"A movie’s mise-en-scene influences our mood as we watch, much as the decor, lighting, smells, and sounds can influence our emotional response to the real-life place. † (Barsam 156). Juno uses elements that create a sense of wonder, a wonder of what is going to happen next. A little laughter can keep the audience’s attention without getting bored of what the scene is about, because the scene can be used to show a big part of what the film is totally about. The visual elements of mise-en-scene are all crucial to shaping our sympathy for, and understanding of, the characters shaped by them. The way Juno reacts to her pregnancy test she already knows who to call first and tell her about her situation. While keeping a secret from her parents until she thinks of a lan to get through with because she knows eventually that they would find out sooner or later. Using props such as a hamburger phone shows that Juno is not an ordinary girl and introducing Leah into the scene shows that she is a more normal girl than Juno is, describing the first act structure, which is the set up. Finding the couple for the new parents and getting to know Vanessa and Mark Loring and figuring out how the new family for the baby is the second act structure because it’s the most important part of the movie, by getting known with the event that is happening. Finding out that Vanessa and Mark aren’t going to be together to raise the baby because they knew that they wasn’t meant for each other and finding out that Paulie Beeker is going to be with Juno after all what has been happening shows the last act structure of the film. It shows the ending of a film on how the director solves the problem and gives the audience a sense of solution. This film is made different from many other films because of its unique way of setting and events that occur in the movie. It shows that the director has a vision of having this smart teen overcome an issue in her own way. The visual progress I see in this film is when Paulie Beeker’s mother doesn’t accept Juno by telling him that she is not a girl she wants him to see just because her personality isn’t what every common girl has. This shows that the filmmaker uses an experimental fashion to create this film. Storytelling is a complicated business, especially when one is relating a multifaceted story involving multiple characters and conflicts. Besides being a general for a story or for a kind of movie, narrative is often used to describe the way that movies stories are constructed and presented in order to engage, involve, and orient an audience. This narrative structure – which includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement – helps film makers manipulate the viewer’s cinematic experience by selectively conforming to or diverging from audience expectations of storytelling. † (Barsam 61). This quote from the text explains what a traditional narrative is. Yes, the director uses traditional narrative. In conclusion, the director of the film Juno reaches out to audience with his own way for telling a story which his own kind of design and composition. Lighting and music plays a big role in the events in the movie because it sets the mood of the story and can also give the vision of what is going to happen. The mise-en-scene gives the audience a sense of unpredictable events that are going to occur because of its color and what is seen or going to happen next.

ARMS essays

ARMS essays A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed, said by fathers of the Bill of Rights. The 2nd Amendment was wrote into the Constitution of United The original intent and purpose of the 2nd Amendment was to preserve and guarantee, not grant the pre-existing right of individuals, to keep and bear arms. Although the amendment emphasize the need to form a militia, membership in a militia is As the constitution gives us the right to have and use a gun they my also take the right too. In my opinion people should be able to if they are at their full mind. A child should not have guns but should be able to learn about what they could do and how they are to be used. I think guns dont cause violence but the people that use them do, however, some dont agree. In many court cases people have been declared the right to bear arms. In some courts however they have come in conflict with this law. The Miller vs. Us (1939) was one. In this case there was the arrest of a man for possession of an unlicensed, sawed-off, large shotgun. The defense was that it violated their 2nd Amendment rights. Do you think this is true? The court ruled that it wasnt. The case took place when men of all kinds carried guns for their protection and to kill their food, and a symbol of their manhood. As I think about the 2nd Amendment, many people can interrupt it in many different ways. In some cases the court has been for the most part, in agreement with people bearing arms, but some judges and juries arent. In recent years this is a very hot topic and has a lot of jargon for and against the bill. I could see some of both sides with my eight-yea ...

6 Bad Work Habits That Are Ruining Your Career

6 Bad Work Habits That Are Ruining Your Career Whether you’re just starting out or trying to revitalize your career, it’s always important to do a lifestyle and attitude check up to make sure you’re not subconsciously sabotaging yourself. Here are 6 bad work habits that you should change if you want to find a path to success.1. RuthlessnessSure, the road to success is littered with ruthless, bloody-minded mercenaries who have tunnel vision- and damn everything and everybody else. But the business world also requires you to be a good team member and collaborator. Try to keep in mind that your success does not need to exclude anyone else’s success, and work together with your coworkers- rather than against.2. ComplainingThis is a waste of your time and energy. For every time you’re tempted to complain, try instead to think of a possible solution, or to channel your energy into something productive and constructive.3. GossipIf you’re a big mouth, spreading gossip or telling insider secrets, or worse- spreading mistruths- then you’re not going to go far. If people feel you can’t be trusted, you won’t ever gain the trust and confidence you’ll need to get to the top.4. DrinkingA drink or two can be a great ice breaker, but you’ll want to be careful not to overindulge. It can impair your function, burden your workweek with hangovers, and cause you to do things you might regret. Keep a hold on yourself socially so as not to lose a grip on yourself professionally.5. ArroganceConfidence in your abilities is one thing. Drive is another thing. Arrogance is just unnecessary. Try not to antagonize anyone with your self opinion on your way up the ladder. A little humility can go a long way.6. LazinessYou have to work hard to succeed. Employers and coworkers can always tell when someone isn’t pulling their weight. Next time you’re tempted to hang back and let others do the work, remember how important it is to pull your own weight an d to give it your all. If you don’t, you’ll never truly succeed.

Cost and Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cost and Management - Assignment Example ant, or a management accountant must â€Å"perform their professional duties in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, and technical standards (1996, 23).† Lis proposal clearly violates laws, regulations and technical standards by incorporating her personal assets in order to increase the companys assets, as well as making her employee shoulder temporarily a part of the expenses in order to increase the companys income. Aside from violating the standard of competence, Lis proposal also violates the standard of integrity, which according to Horngren, Bamber & Stratton, accountant should â€Å"refrain from engaging in any activity that would prejudice their ability to carry out their duties ethically [and to] refrain from engaging in or supporting any activity that would discredit the profession (1996, 23).† The philosophy behind accounting is to come up with reports that will show the performance of the company to people with vested interests to the company, such as the government, for the taxes, and the companys investors such as shareholders and creditors. With accounting, fair and accurate information is desired to be produced for the purpose of objectivity, another ethical standard for accounting. Only with objective information will people such as investors and creditors will put their trust on the company, investing on the company for the hope of gaining some return through competent management in the process. This will be violated with Lis proposal, as well. A. Using the Weighted Average method, prepare a production cost report (following the 4 steps outlined in the text) for the Strings department for October. Round to 4 decimal places for unit costs and to the nearest dollar in the production cost report. C. Assume that in order to remain competitive, the company undertook a major cost-cutting program during February. Would the effects of this cost-cutting program tend to show up more under the weighted average or under the FIFO method? Explain your

Chinese Government and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chinese Government and Media - Essay Example This was a move that solicited negative remarks form a large number of Chinese more so in the Diaspora. According to this report, Chinese living in Canberra voiced their complaints against Taiwan's attempt to make themselves independent of the rest of China. The Chinese in Diaspora added that the only Group that had a right to represent China in the UN was the Chinese government. Xinhaunet claimed that a large number of independent Chinese bodies oppose Taiwan's move to seek independent representation. Some of them included Australian Capital Territory, Federation of Chinese independence and Chinese Australian cultural exchange. Additionally, Chinese in the Philippines also express their opposition of the Taiwan's move. The report further adds some of the views held by representatives of this body. Their views mostly highlight the government's position on the matter. For instance, there are references to the benefits that will come out of unification of different straits in China. These proponents assert that unification of Taiwan with the rest of China will prosper the economy. As if this is not enough, it will promote peace in the region. Assertions made by the Taiwanese leader to seek independent representation will only threaten peace in the region. ... They asserted that Taiwan is a fundamental part of China and no single force can claim to separate from the rest of China. They also believe that if Taiwan is to seek representation, then all one point six billion Chinese should be given the opportunity to decide their future. Chen-the Taiwanese leader, outraged this latter group. They called this move a trick and claimed that there was indeed no room for discussion. It is very interesting to note that mot of the sentiments in the report mostly back up the government's stand point on the issue. One can clearly see that the speakers and groups chosen were government friendly. Their remarks were rather harsh but these were used as a tool to voice the Chinese government's standpoint. It is quite possible to find other Chinese groups that opposed the government standpoint. Nevertheless, such sentiments have no place in a government owned media outlet. Most of the information portrayed above indicates the fact that government owned media outlets normally report one-sided stories. There is very little controversy in this article and this is characteristic that is common among many other newspaper outlets in the country. Tibet Issues It is very clear that Xinhaunet supports the government's view on the Tibetan issue. This is especially in relation to their recent media releases. On 27th March 2008, Xinhua reported that the Chinese president was to meet with the United States president to discuss the Tibetan issue. The report affirms US support. It quotes the sentiments expressed by President Bush that they believe in the unification of China and that there is only one China. Additionally, the report also adds the Chinese presidents' views on the matter. President asserts that thy

Sports drink market in India Essay Example for Free

Sports drink market in India Essay With the changing trends in society and globalization Energy drinks market in India may show a rapid growth in coming years but for now it is at a nascent stage. Through various studies and research on Indian and British sports and energy drinks market we found out that Red Bull has the most share in this market. Through studies it has been found out that consuming energy drinks can have physical as well as psychological effects on the human body. Studies show that it can have positive effects like improvement in mental and congenital abilities and increased subjective awareness. Excess consumption can lead to various problems like insomnia, agitation, anxiety, irritability. Our objective through this assignment is to successfully launch a sports drink in the Indian market and market it using our knowledge gained from the market study and our own intellect. In this project are lay down different marketing strategies by how we can promote our product and stand against our competitors. SPORTS ENERGY DRINK MARKET IN INDIA MARKET FOR SPORTS DRINK IN INDIA TRENDS. According to the value calculated in 2012, sports and energy drink market in India grew by 17% whereas in 2011 it grew by 18%. The main reason to this decline was increasing awarness about the side effects of sports drinks. In june 2012 FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) announced that sports drinks will be renamed as â€Å"cafifeinated bevergaes†. Burn and Red Bull surpass the max. limit of caffein to be present in carbonated beverage hence they were put under the category of caffeinated beverages. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE. Red Bull is the leading seller having 72% off-trade share within energy and sports drinks in 2012. Second place goes to pepsico having an 11% off-trade value share. However Red Bull was not allowed to be sold in Tamil Nadu due to regulatory changes in sports and energy drinks in 2012. PROSPECTUS Sports drinks in India is still at a nascent stage but might become a part of the changing trends of society and urbanization. However, sales of these drinks could be negatively impacted by regulations and enforcement of statutory warnings. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) announcement that these products should be renamed as caffeinated beverages may lead to decline in sales of brands such as Red Bull and Burn. (Source : http://www. euromonitor. com/sports-and-energy-drinks-in-india/report) COCA-COLA TO LAUNCH A SPORTS DRINK IN INDIAN MARKET The world leaders of beverage drinks Coca-Cola are eager to launch their new product in the Indian Market. The America based company has come up with a sports drink named Godzilla which is to be launched in the market by end of November 2013. It is being manufactured by Hindustan Coca-Cola Pvt. Ltd. Which has it’s plant in Okhla Industrial Area, U. P. M. S. Dhoni, the Indian prodigy will be the brand ambassador for Godzilla and will be used in promotional Activities and advertisements. TARGET MARKET AND MARKETING STATERGY The research indicated that people in India do not prefer to have energy drink. Only 23% of the population prefers to consume the brand. The most important factors affection the buying decision were found to be health safety, price, lack of awareness and preference of other beverages. It was also found that 1. 66% of the energy market consists of male consumers. 2. 20-30 age group people was found to be growing rapidly and turning out to be potential buyers having an average income of 3-5 lacs. 3. The awareness about the energy drink among people is average 60-67% except age group 25-30 having an average income of more than 5 lacs (Awareness 80%). 4. People prefer to have energy occasionally (parties, social gathering etc) with soft drink or neat Sunadulterated. 5. People like to drink mostly in home or restaurants and 44% of the respondents feel that in the future energy drinks can compete with popular beverages like soft drinks, juices and other non-alcoholic beverages. (Source: http://www. technopak. com/Files/Energy_Drinks. pdf) MARKET OF ENERGY DRINKS IN U. K. RESEARCH METHADOLOGY LOCATION FREQUENCY PERCENT CUMILATIVE % RETAIL STORES 5 16% 94% GYMS 3 6% 66% CLUBS 3 10% 60% JOGGERS PARK 1 3% 69% RESTAURANTS 4 15% 91% SPORTS CLUB 3 9% 100% CAFE 2 7% 76% TOTAL 29 100%. The survey indicates that people prefer having sports drink in home and sports club Which leads to the possibility of the brand being promoted in the friend circle and family. This will be our target market. VALUE FOR MONEY (Indian Customers) VALUE FOR MONEY FREQUENCY PERCENT Yes 6 21% No 12 40% Can’t Say 11 39% TOTAL 29 100% The Indian customers are very price sensitive and look for value for money when they purchase a product. The high price of energy drinks is the main drawback in promoting and positioning this brand in India.

Proven Methods Of Child Discipline Essay -- essays research papers

The world we live in today is a very competitive place. There is a constant competition going on to find jobs and move up the ladder of success. As human beings we are naturally devoted to instilling some kind of success in our children. To ensure that children are successful in life they need to be well disciplined but also socially and morally developed human beings. It is the parent’s duty to keep their children well disciplined along with giving them the opportunity to develop socially and morally. But how is it possible to approach this task correctly? Using proven methods of discipline through reasoning, positive and negative reinforcement, and observational learning one can effectively discipline their children without risking damage to the child’s social and moral development. Research has shown that using reasoning as a method for discipline more often helps develop a child’s ability to conform to the standards of what is considered right or just behaviour. Discipline derives from the Latin word â€Å"disciplinare† meaning â€Å"to teach†. Thus, reasoning can be used as an effective tool to teach your children right from wrong. As opposed to the â€Å"We’re doing it this way because I say so method† through reasoning a parent is able to convey the importance of socially acceptable behaviour to the child. The main emphasis of reasoning is to provide your child with clear and straight forward guidelines of acceptable behaviour, to explain the consequences of good and bad behaviour and also to convey to your child why the consequences are necessary. 1 on 1 sit downs are important in helping your child to understand these concepts. A recent university study involving over 100 children and their parents showed that disciplini ng children i... ...ly is! Parents must motivate children to act correctly while giving them an understanding of why it is so important. Parents must increase good behaviour and decrease bad behaviour without risking any damage to the child’s moral development. This can all be achieved by parents through reasoning with children, by setting specific guidelines of good/bad behaviour and making sure children understand the consequences of their actions, through positive and negative reinforcement, by rewarding and praising good behaviour and reprimanding privileges for bad behaviour, and also through observational learning, where the parents themselves have to be role models of acceptable behaviour for the children. Punishment is not a proven method of child discipline. Although it is very effective in the short term it will lead to bigger problems in children’s development down the road.

Online Shopping Essay

Online shopping (sometimes known as e-tail from â€Å"electronic retail† or e-shopping) is a form of electronic commercewhich allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. HISTORY English entrepreneur Michael Aldrich invented online shopping in 1979. His system connected a modified domestic TV to a real-time transaction processing computer via a domestic telephone line. his enabled ‘closed’ corporate information systems to be opened to ‘outside’ correspondents not just for transaction processing but also for e-messaging and information retrieval and dissemination, later known as e-business In March 1980 he went on to launch Redifon’s Office Revolution, which allowed consumers, customers, agents, distributors, suppliers and service companies to be connected on-line to the corporate systems and allow business transactions to be completed electronically in real-time. [3] During the 1980s[4] he designed, manufactured, sold, installed, maintained and supported many online shopping systems, using videotex technology The first secure retail transaction over the Web was either by NetMarket or Internet Shopping Network in 1994.[7]Immediately after, Amazon.com launched its online shopping site in 1995 and eBay was also introduced in 1995.[6] Alibaba’s sites Taobao and Tmall were launched in 2003 and 2008, respectively. Reasons for online shopping 1) Convenience: Where else can you do shopping, even at midnight, wearing your jammies? You don’t have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant helps you with your purchases. You can do your shopping in minutes even if you are busy, apart from saving time and avoiding crowds. Online shops give us the opportunity to shop 24 x 7 and also reward us with ‘no pollution’ shopping. 2) Better Prices: I get cheap deals and better prices from online stores because products come to you directly from the manufacturer or seller without middlemen involved. Many online shops offer discount coupons and rebates. 3) Variety: One can get several brands and products from different sellers at one place. You can get in on the latest international trends without spending money on travel; you can shop from  retailers in other parts of the country or even the world without being limited by geographic area†¦ These stores offer a far greater selection of colors and sizes tha n you will find locally. If you find that the product you need is out of stock online, you can take your business to another online store where the product is available. 4) Fewer Expenses: Many times when we opt for conventional shopping we tend to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses, on things like eating out, traveling, impulsive shopping etc. 5) Comparison of Prices: Online shops make comparison and research of products and prices possible. Online stores also give you the ability to share information and reviews with other shoppers who have firsthand experience with a product or retailer. 6) Crowds: If you are like me, you would like to avoid the crowds when you do the shopping. Crowds force us to do a hurried shopping most of the time. Crowds also create a problem when it comes to finding a parking place nearby where you want to shop and going back to your vehicle later loaded with shopping bags. 7) Compulsive Shopping: Many times when we go out shopping we end up buying things which we do not require because of the shopkeepers’ upselling skills — or we’ll compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops. 8) Discreet Purchases: Some things are better done in privacy. Online Shops enable me to purchase undergarments and lingerie or adult toys without the embarrassment that there are several people watching me and my choices. Product selection Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine. Once a particular product has been found on the website of the seller, most online retailers use shopping cart software to allow the consumer to accumulate multiple items and to adjust quantities, like filling a physical shopping cart or basket in a conventional store. A â€Å"checkout† process follows (continuing the physical-store analogy) in which payment and delivery information is collected, if necessary. Some stores allow consumers to sign up for a permanent online account so that some or all of this information only needs to be entered once. The consumer often receives an  e-mail confirmation once the transaction is complete. Payment Billing to mobile phones and landlines[13][14] Cash on delivery (C.O.D.) Cheque/ Check Debit card Direct debit in some countries Electronic money of various types Gift cards Postal money order Wire transfer/delivery on payment Invoice, especially popular in some markets/countries, such as Switzerland Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies Product delivery Once a payment has been accepted, the goods or services can be delivered in the following ways. For physical items: Shipping: The product is shipped to a customer-designated address. Retail package delivery is typically done by the public postal system or a retail courier such as FedEx, UPS, DHL, or TNT. Drop shipping: The order is passed to the manufacturer or third-party distributor, who then ships the item directly to the consumer, bypassing the retailer’s physical location to save time, money, and space. In-store pick-up: The customer selects a local store using a locator software and picks up the delivered product at the selected location. This is the method often used in the bricks and clicks business model. For digital items or tickets: Downloading/Digital distribution:[15] The method often used for digital media products such as software, music, movies, or images. Printing out, provision of a code for, or e-mailing of such items as admission tickets and scrip (e.g., gift certificates and coupons). The tickets, codes, or coupons may be redeemed at the appropriate physical or online premises and their content reviewed to verify their eligibility (e.g., assurances  that the right of admission or use is redeemed at the correct time and place, for the correct dollar amount, and for the correct number of uses). Will call, COBO (in Care Of Box Office), or â€Å"at the door† pickup: The patron picks up pre-purchased tickets for an event, such as a play, sporting event, or concert, either just before the event or in advance. With the onset of the Internet and e-commerce sites, which allow customers to buy tickets online, the popularity of this service has increased. Types of Buying Behaviour. There are four types of buying behaviour. 1. Complex buying behaviour is where the individual purchases a high value brand and seeks a lot of information before the purchase is made. 2. Habitual buying behaviour is where the individual buys a product out of habit e.g. a daily newspaper, sugar or salt. 3. Variety seeking buying behaviour is where the individual likes to shop around and experiment with different products. So an individual may shop around for different breakfast cereals because he/she wants variety in the mornings! 4. Dissonance reducing buying behaviour is when buyers are highly involved with the purchase of the product, because the purchase is expensive or infrequent. There is little difference between existing brands an example would be buying a diamond ring, as people believe there is little difference between diamond brand manufacturers.

Mini was a little girl, who was unusually fond of conversations Essay

Mini was a little girl, who was unusually fond of conversations. She had a makeshift mind that moved between various topics within her scope. Although she was young, she could start a conversation with people double or even triple her age. Eventually she became friends with Rahamat, an Afghani money lender, whom she fondly called Kabuliwala. It was a delight to watch the two banter. Rahamat, was a tall, bearded man, who carried a sack on his shoulders while Mini was a tiny little girl who would chatter all the way. Initially Mini, was afraid of interacting with him, because she believed that Rahamat abducted little children in his sack. But Rahamat, because of his obvious fondness for the little girl, broke the ice, by presenting some raisins and apricots from his bag. Mini came from an aristocratic Bengali family and Rahamat was just an ordinary fruit peddler from Kabul yet it seemed like they were close chums. The two friends had a few stock phrases and jokes which were repeated in their conversations. For example, the moment she saw Rahamat, she would ask with a hearty laugh, ‘Kabuliwala, O Kabuliwala, what is in your sack?’ Adding an unnecessary nasal tone to the word, Rahamat would roar, ‘Hanti.’ The essence of the joke was that the man had an elephant in his sack. Not that the joke was very witty, but it caused the two friends to double up in laughter, and the sight of that innocent joy between a little girl and a grown man on autumn mornings used to move Mini’s father deeply. However Mini’s mother wasn’t too pleased with the growing friendship between Rahamat and her daughter and often nagged Mini’s father to keep an eye on him. One fine day, her worries came true; when Rahamat was arrested on charges of stabbing a man because the man had denied the debt he owed Rahamat, in the heat of the argument. Rahamat was in the midst of hurling abuse in an obscene language at the dishonest man when Mini came running out of the house, shouting, ‘Kabuliwala, O Kabuliwala.’ In a flash, Rahamat’s face was filled with expressions of happiness. Innocently Mini asked him, ‘Will you be going to your in-laws’ house?’ ‘That’s exactly where I am going,’ Rahamat replied with a laugh. When he noticed that Mini did not find the answer quite amusing, he pointed to his hands and added in his heavily accented, broken Bengali, ‘I would have beaten up the in-law. But what can I do, my hands are tied up.’ Charged with grievous injury, Rahamat was sent to jail for several years. That was the last time that Mini saw him and quite child-likely forgot all about him as she grew up. Several years passed. Mini’s wedding match had been fixed. On the day of the wedding, her father was busy looking at the wedding accounts when a man appeared before him, he had no bag, nor the long hair, nor the same vigour that he used to have. But he smiled, and Mini’s father knew it was Rahamat. Mini’s father knew what he had come for. But he refused to allow him to meet Mini as he thought that it would be bad omen. Disappointed he put his hand inside his big loose robe, and brought out a small and dirty piece of paper. With great care he unfolded this, and smoothed it out with both hands on my table. It bore the impression of a little band. Not a photograph. Not a drawing. The impression of an ink-smeared hand laid flat on the paper. This touch of his own little daughter had been always on his heart, as he had come year after year to Calcutta, to sell his wares in the streets. Tears came to Mini’s father’s eyes. He forgot that he was a poor Kabuli fruit-seller, while he was nothing more than he. He also was a father. That impression of the hand of his little daughter in her distant mountain home reminded him of his own little Mini. When Rahamat saw Mini after all these years, he staggered. He could not revive their old friendship. At last he smiled and said: â€Å"Little one, are you going to your father-in-law’s house?† But Mini now understood the meaning of the word â€Å"father-in-law,† and she could not reply to him as of old. She flushed up at the question, and stood before him with her bride-like face turned down. Mini’s father deeply touched by what had just happened gave Rahamat, enough money to go back and see his own daughter in Afghanistan. Having done this, he had to cut down on some of the marriage festivity costs, but to him the wedding feast was all the brighter for the thought that in a distant land a long-lost father met again with his only child.

Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essays

Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essays Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essay Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Essay NRS 353 Gerontology and Gerontic Nursing Practice Assignment 2: Assignment Questions Questions and Answers about Elderly People and Patients Submitted by: Fujimi Sakai Student No: 11413992 Lecturer’s Name: Christine Haley Due date: 25 January 2010 Date of submission: 25 January 2010 Introduction Health of older people has some issues which nurses should know. Older people tend to suffer some health problems, however, some people do not know about problems of older people and may treat them wrongly. These are some questions and answers below whose topics may be well-known but misunderstood. Nurses need to know scientific truth about health and health problems of older people and should reject myths of them which may be widely known. Q 1: Discuss reasons for why the elderly suicide Hughes (2006, p. 549) noted risk factors of suicide for older people: Majority of older people who commit suicide generally has depressive disorder when they are dead. Also, the elderly who have physical illness and complain pain are more likely to suicide. Luggen (2004, p. 636) added spousal loss are clearly relates to elderly suicide. Negative experiences such as loss of spouse or declining physical health are precipitating factors for depression (Hughes, 2006, p. 536). Also, these experiences might be more common for older adults. Thus, depressive disorder is one of common factors which cause the elderly people suicide and depressive events are more likely to occur for the older people because of loss of things they valued. Q 2: Define the word dementia Davies, Aveyard and Norman (2006, p. 491) define the term of dementia as â€Å"a range of brain disorders that have in common loss of brain function that is usually progressive, irreversible and eventually fatal. : Collectively, these conditions represent the most common serious mental illnesses affecting older people. † â€Å"Dementia can be a symptom of a number of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Korsakoff’s syndrome and Huntington’s chorea† (Eastley Wilcock, 2000, as cited in Mott Kingsley, 2004, p. 191). 1 Q 3: Is the use of restraints a justifiable approach for managing patients with dementia? Discuss Some older people who have dementia tend to wander. Luggen and Hill (2004) described â€Å"wandering is one of the most difficult management problems encountered in institutional settings. Each year some residents wander away from a facility and are later found injured or dead. † Thus, it is necessary to protect the elderly people from the injury or death. Restraints have been protections for the older adults and also meant security of the elderly and the staff (Luggen Hill, 2004, p. 401). Moreover, Davies et al. (2006, p. 516) mentioned there are insufficient human resources in the most care environment so that they cannot follow wandering of each older adult who have dementia and make sure of individual’s safety. However, restraints cause the elderly people to have negative emotions such as anger, fear and humiliation (Strumpf Evans, 1988, as cited in Luggen Hill, 2004, p. 402). In addition, physical restraints cause not only negative feelings of the older adults but also physical problems; for example, pressure ulcer formation, hypostatic pneumonia or constipation (Pisani, Partridge, Taylor Porter, 2009, p. 860). Hence, usage of restraint should be minimised as much as possible both form ethical and physical viewpoints. Restraints could take other risks of harm to the elderly people. Q 4: Discuss the alternatives to physical restraint in the care of patients with dementia As mentioned above, physical restraints cause health problems. So, it is important to minimise to use physical restraints or take alternative ways to the restraints for older people having dementia. Reasons why patients who have dementia wander are unique to individual and have particular meaning in their context or situation. Thus, care which they need can be differ in each person (Algase et al. , 2003, cited in Davies et al, 2006, p. 516). Koch (2004, p. 49) cited instances of some alternative ways of restraints; hip-protectors, safety helmets and surveillance equipment such as monitoring tags. These ways could protect the patients from injuries if they tried to wander. She also described adapting design of the facilities for the older patients, for example, using subdued colour in order to calm down 2 the older patients who are agitated and wander. Replacing liner corridor with connected pass ages that encourage the patient wander around on their own pace in the facility. These ways could reduce the patients who are wandering or cases of injury from wandering. The important thing to remember is the alternatives to physical restraints are not one. The alternative ways of the restraints can be mixed for fitting the individual’s behaviour of wandering. The alternative approaches to reduce the risk of wander may not be known as wide as a means of physical restraint. So, it would be important to extend knowledge of the alternatives in the workplace. Q 5: Define the term delirium Delirium is defined as â€Å"a transient disturbance in cognitive and attentional function, characterised by a fluctuating course and an alteration in the conscious state† (Street, 2004, p. 40). According to Luggen (2004, pp. 573-574), delirium is a common clinical condition for older patients and it often caused by emergency surgery and chemotherapy. The symptoms of delirium are reducing abilities to maintain and process attention both internal and external stimuli. They are difficult to respond appropriately, to follow commands and to talk coherently. Q 6: Describe three specific depressive behaviours which can be very convincingly mimic, or masquerade as dementia in order people so that it is hard to distinguish between two Treatment of depression is issues for aged care. However, â€Å"some mental illnesses and dementia need radically different approaches to care† (Mott Kingsley, 2004, p. 195), delirium and depression are often mistaken for dementia (Hunt, 2009, p. 235). So, older people with depression may not be receiving appropriate care. Three features appear in depression resemble these in dementia. Firstly, cognitive impairment can be seen both in depression and dementia, but the impairment of depression is reversible (Mott Kingsley, 2004, p. 195). There is also a difference. The symptom of depression is typically worse in the morning and improves late of the day, in contrast, the symptom of 3 dementia is relatively stable (Luggen, 2004, p. 574). Nevertheless, some older people with dementia become depressed. They might have both of the diseases (Hughes, 2006, p. 541). The second features of these illnesses are cerebral dysfunction. Both of the illnesses affect the person’s intelligence. People with depression can have memory and descision-making problem (Huges, 2006, p. 531), and so do people with dementia (Davies et al. , 2006, pp. 493,494). However, depression may cause psychomotor retardation, their ability of thinking is intact. On the other hand, people with dementia are impoverish of thinking. They often have difficulty with abstract thinking, judgment or finding words (Luggen, 2004, p. 574). Thirdly, people with dementia or depression may have problems with activity. They often have limitation of activities, for example, some of people with depression or dementia cannot do some basic activities such as cooking or cleaning. These problems are caused by different reasons, even though they have the limitations of activities. People with depression are reduced energy and it diminishes their activity (Hughes, 2006, p. 531). On the other hand, dementia causes apraxia. People who have dementia may be difficult to purposeful movement (Davies et al. 2006, p. 494), so some of them are unable to do effective activities for their life. Q 7: Discuss and analyse the barriers to effective pain management in the older person According to Hess (2004, p. 281), a number of older people who is living in community with pain is twice as many as younger people. Moreover, it is considered that a significant number of older people who is in long-term care setting have pain because of chronic health conditions that cause chronic pain such as musculoskeletal disorders and cancer. However, pain in the elderly people may not be treated effectively because of some barriers. Seers (2006, p. 463) mentioned â€Å"the nurse and the patient may have different perspectives on pain and its management†. These differences can cause barriers for pain management. From the perspectives of older people on their pain management, some of them hesitate to ask aregivers to relieve pain and 4 also to use the equipment like a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Furthermore, some older people have cognitive impairment such as dementia which impedes them to tell caregivers about their pain (Pasero McCaffery, 1996, cited in Seers, 2006, p. 464). These pains might be relieved if nurses/caregivers observe the older people carefully. However, some people believe my ths of pain in the older people which tell that pain is expected with aging and pain sensitivity of older people are less than younger people (Hess, 2004, p. 283). So, pain in the elderly might be underestimated, consequently, the pain management could not be done effectively. Moreover, insufficient knowledge of pain relief can be barrier for pain management. Opioids are used for pain relief, but some people may associate opioides as addictive substances. In result, the older people, their family or perhaps the health care team are reluctant to use opioids (Pasero McCaffery, 1996, cited in Seers, 2006, p. 464), and then the pain will not be treated efficiently. In summary, lack of knowledge of pain management often cause barriers to control pain in the older people. It may be thought some myth of pain with aging, relationship which the older people hesitate to tell their pain or fear of using the drugs can be obstruct active approach toward the pain. Q 8: Analyse the relationship between medication and falls in the elderly Street (2004, p. 142) mentioned falls are not caused by single and identifiable reason and are usually happened with several risk factors. He noted the several risk factors includes medications, especially tranquilisers and longer-acting sedatives. Tranquilisers are used as antipsychotics and sedatives are used as anxiolytics and hypnotics. These medications affect brains, and have adverse effects which increase risk of fall in older people. For instance, Benzodiappines are one of sedative substances which are used for sleeping disorders and anxieties. They might cause amnesia, diplopia and blurred vision as side effects (Galbraith, Bullock Manias, 2004, p. 328). Amnesia may increase the risk of fall of older adults, because people with amnesia are not aware what he/she is doing. This means people with amnesia has poor skills of attention, when they is walking. They are easier to stumble, 5 then may fall. Diplopia and blurred vision significantly affect people walking. Vertigo and impaired vision are risk factors of fall (Brians et al. , 1991, cited in Pisani et al. 2009, p. 850). Furthermore, aging brings physiologicalchange including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Metabolism of the older people is decreased, and medications need more time to be resolved in body of older people (Baker, Tiziani, 2004, p. 229). It results medication can be stored in their body. Consequently, the elderly people are easier to be overdosed and adverse effect can appear more frequent. Older people potentially have higher risk of fall because of weaken muscle and sense of balance. In addition, they often have one or more chronic diseases and need to take medications. Some medications increase the risk of fall because of their adverse effect. These side effect may rise the cases of fall in the older people. 6 References Baker, H. Tiziani, A. (2004). Medication issues. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 228-242). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. Davies, S. , Aveyard, B. Norman, I. J. (2006). Person-centred dementia care. In Redfern, S. J. Ross, F. M. (Eds. ), Nursing Older People (4th ed. ) (pp. 491-528). Philadelphia: Elsevier. Galbraith, A. Bullock, S. Manias, E. (2004). Fundamentals of Pharmacology (4th ed. ). Frenchs Forest: Pearson Education Australia. Hess, P. (2004). Pain and Comfort. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 279-305). St. Louis: Mosby. Hughes, C. (2006). Depression in older people. In Redfern, S. J. Ross, F. M. (Eds. ), Nursing Older People (4th ed. ) (pp. 29-554). Philadelphia: Elsevier. Hunt, S. (2009). Older Adulthood. In Crisp, J. Taylor, C. (Eds. ), Potter Perry’s Fundamental of Nursing (3rd ed. ) (pp. 219-242). Chatswood: Elsevier Australia. Koch, S. (2004). Physical restraints: can we free older people?. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 243-258). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. Luggen A. S. (2004). Cognition. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 567-599). St. Louis: Mosby. Luggen A. S. (2004). Mental Wellness and Disturbances. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 616-654). St. Louis: Mosby. Luggen A. S. Hill, C. (2004). Mobility. In Ebersole, P. , Hess, P. Luggen, A. S. (Eds. ), Toward Healthy Aging: Human Needs and Nursing Response (6th ed. ) (pp. 378-413). St. Louis: Mosby. Mott, S. Kingsley, B. (2004). Dementia, mental health and issues of abuse in aged care. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 191-208). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. 7 Pisani, H. , Partridge, F. Taylor, C. Porter, T. (2009). Safety. In Crisp, J. Taylor, C. , Potter Perry’s fundamentals of nursing (3rd ed. ) (pp. 843-870). Chatswood: Elsevier Australia Seers, K. (2006). Pain and older people. In Redfern, S. J. Ross, F. M. (Eds. ), Nursing Older People (4th ed. ) (pp. 457-473). Philadelphia: Elsevier. Street, P. (2004). Acute care of older people: a geriatrician’s perspective. In Nay, R. Garratt, S (Eds. ), Nursing older people: Issues and innovations (2nd ed. ) (pp. 134-159). Marrickville: Elsevier Australia. 8

Artist Robert Indiana Facts and Biography

Artist Robert Indiana Facts and Biography Robert Indiana, an American painter, sculptor, and printmaker, is frequently associated with Pop Art, though he has said he prefers calling himself a sign painter. Indiana is most famous for his Love sculpture series, which can be seen in more than 30 locations around the world. The original Love sculpture is located at the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Early Life Indiana was born Robert Earl Clark on September 13, 1928, in New Castle, Indiana. He once referred to Robert Indiana as his nom de brush, and said it was the only name by which he cared to go. The adopted name suits him, as his tumultuous childhood was spent moving frequently. Indiana says he lived in more than 20 different homes within the Hoosier State before the age of 17. He also served in the United States Army for three years, before attending the Art Institute of Chicago, the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture and Edinburgh College of Art. Indiana moved to New York in 1956 and quickly earned a name for himself with his hard-edge painting style and sculptural assemblages and became an early leader in the Pop Art movement. His Art Best known for sign-like paintings and sculpture, Robert Indiana worked with many numbers and short words in his work, including EAT, HUG, and LOVE. In 1964, he created a 20-foot EAT sign for the New York World’s Fair that was made of flashing lights. In 1966, he began experimenting with the word LOVE and the image of the letters arranged in a square, with LO and VE on top of each other, with O tilted on its side was soon featured in many paintings and sculptures that can still be seen today around the world. The first Love sculpture was made for the Indianapolis Museum of Art in 1970. The 1973 Love stamp was one of the most widely distributed Pop Art images ever (300 million were issued), but his subject matter is drawn from decidedly un-Pop American literature and poetry. In addition to the sign-like paintings and sculpture, Indiana has also done figurative painting, written poetry and collaborated on the film EAT with Andy Warhol. He reintroduced the iconic Love image, replacing it with the word HOPE, raising more than $1,000,000 for Barack Obamas 2008 presidential campaign. Important Works The Calumet, 1961Figure 5, 1963The Confederacy: Alabama, 1965LOVE series, 1966The Seventh American Dream, 1998 Sources and Further Reading Hobbs, Robert. Robert Indiana. Rizzoli International Publications; January 2005.Indiana, Robert. Love and the American Dream: The Art of Robert Indiana. Portland Museum of Art; 1999.Kernan, Nathan. Robert Indiana. Assouline; 2004.Robert Indiana. Prints: A Catalogue Raisonne 1951-1991. Susan Sheehan Gallery; 1992.Ryan, Susan Elizabeth; Indiana, Robert. Robert Indiana: Figures of Speech. Yale University Press; 2000.Weinhardt, Carl J. Robert Indiana. Harry N Abrams; 1990.​

Core Competence of Sharp Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Core Competence of Sharp Corporation - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that there were abundant literatures providing theoretical and empirical support justifying that competitive advantage is derived from imperfectly tradable, imperfectly substitutable and valuable assets. The idea of portfolio approach encouraging diversification into unrelated areas that flourished in 1960s and 1970s lost its fervor to RBV approach advocating diversification into related areas. RBV approach also was critical of multi divisonalisation of a large company that led to corporate fragmentation and short-termism undermining the development of core competencies and innovations. Core competency exploitation led to vertical integration in large companies to achieve competitive advantage. But of late vertical disintegration is being attempted in the globalization tendencies which offer wide opportunities to delegate to external suppliers with highly specialized expertise resulting in more pronounced core competency approach for the given company. As the paper highlights Hammel and Prahalad in their book â€Å"Competing for the future†assert that companies should look forward to the share of future opportunity share rather than current market share. They say that successful enterprises will reshape their industries rather than themselves by building upon their unique core competencies without building upon current product lines and that this will lead to creation of new competencies. They advocate new strategy which requires four approaches namelyunderstanding of the shape of future competition; process by which to gauge tomorrow’s opportunities; energizing the company from top-to-bottom to prepare for the future; and   overtaking the competitors and arrive at the future first without assuming undue risks.  

Constitutional Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Constitutional - Research Paper Example However, it is observed that the Fourth Amendment has been a victim of different controversies and is regarded as an issue by the US Constitution making authorities and a few other elements. To address this issue, this paper aims to provide a clear explanation and solution. Moreover, to evidence and balance the theory, different federal statues and pending cases on the issue will also be discussed and highlighted. The paper will also discuss reasons for the growing controversies behind the chosen topic followed by a Social Policy and its implementation. Contextual Background to the Issue: The US citizens who have been a victim of the ‘freedom vs. security’ debate has suffered a lot. It has been possible because of the Fourth Amendment that the people can find themselves safe and that they will never be violated. Their security in the US society was assured and protected by this law in the US constitution (Gonzales, 2007). Background (Fourth Amendment): Due to the increas e in the Injunctions of Assistance and general warrants in the late 17th century many elements; citizens, authorities, and groups strongly objected the process and as a consequence the Fourth Amendment was written and compiled. ... 4th Amendment: â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized†. It was before and without this law, that people felt insecure and did not have any assertion or right over property, security, or privacy. Incidents have been noticed in which Army Marshals and other officers have entered the homes and have taken different evidences which can be used for trial in the court or to help make an arrest (Fradin, 2007). However, a number of controversies have been noticed in the past few years, 4th amendment remains one of the strongest amendment from citizen point of view. The 4th Amendment was never appreciated by the FBI and other agencies working for the security of the State. The law had been bre ached in the Bush era and it is being violated again in the present era of President Obama. The Obama administration requested their supporters in the Congress to pass a legislation that will allow the federal agents to continue their search and march without any barrier and through the 4th Amendment. This is to ensure that they get all the private information of all the citizens residing in their country (Smith, 2010). The 4th Amendment which ensures the individual’s right to be left alone and with their security and privacy is again at stake by the Federal agents in the country. The officers want to make the system more easy and through for them so that they can gather digital information. It was witnessed and revealed in the past when the Bush government was exposed that they had been

Equity and Trusts Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Equity and Trusts Law - Essay Example A fixed trust will be automatically void unless each beneficiary could be identified. Whereas with a discretionary trust a House of Lords decision held that the test was different: can it be said with any certainty that a particular person is or is not a member of the class of beneficiary It is therefore of concern that the financial advisors at Rigby, Jolly and Pinnar (RJP) are mixing fixed and discretionary trusts into a single instrument. Beneficiaries in fixed trusts are allocated a specified share or interest in the instrument. This leads to a situation whereby a fixed trust cannot be administered unless the precise number and identity of the beneficiaries is known, since each beneficiary 'owns' a specified share of the trust. It is important that there should be neither conceptual nor evidential uncertainty. There have been indications that the courts will relax this requirement to some extent provided it is possible on a balance of probabilities to compile a list of the beneficiaries in order to determine the maximum amount of shares- even if the exact identity and whereabouts of a beneficiary is unknown. Hence in Gold v Hill [1999]4 an oral direction to a beneficiary to 'look after Carol and the kids' was deemed sufficiently certain to uphold the trust, despite the fact that the exhortation is open to interpretation. Discretionary trusts however, are treated quite differently by the courts since they invariably allow the trustees discretion in selecting the beneficiaries. Provided the trustees can distribute the proceeds there is no particular need to identify each and every possible beneficiary: McPhail v Doulton [1971]5. The court will look at all the circumstances to determine a suitable distribution of the proceeds - be that appointing new trustees or a representative from the class of beneficiaries or even the original trustees. The decision in Re Baden's Deed Trusts (No 2) [1973]6 required a distinction to be made between conceptual (or semantic) uncertainty and evidential difficulty. The court applied the McPhail test to the wording "dependants" and "relatives": "Can it be said with certainty that any given individual is or is not a member of the class" For example the phrase "my children" may create evidential difficulty - which will not defeat the court, but "all those who owe me favours" is conceptually uncertain because the description in the latter is not conceptually clear. How do we define 'favours' in that phrase The class of "dependants" and "relatives" is conceptually certain. Once that had been established then it is a straightforward matter to determine whether as a matter of fact a particular individual is a relative or a dependant. Let's run the Head of Legal Services clauses past the McPhail test: My friends Assiduous lawyers working I the EU all or any of the good looking girls I dated in my youth 1. Is the phrase conceptually certain No - too ambiguous. No objective test for what a 'friend' meant to the benefactor No - the word 'assiduous' is too vague. How would the benefactor define 'assiduous' No - the phrase 'good

Should Druthers Forming Limited Be Given The Loan?

Should Druthers Forming Limited Be Given The Loan? DRUTHERS FORMING LIMITED Should Druthers Forming Limited be given the loan? Druthers Forming Limited that was founded in 1987 by Mr. Garrett and Norm Sheppard have requested on July 30, 2007 an amount of $350,000 loan from Mr. Brad Mac Dougall, account manager at the Canadian Commercial Bank (CCB). To know whether or not this amount needs to be passed depends on several factors thus for this purpose there are several questions that are needed to be answered before this decision can be made, thus in this report we will find out the answers to Mr. Brads questions. To make any decision we first need to assess the past financial performance using the statement of cash flow and ratio analysis. If we take a look at the cash flow statement 2007 for the first thing that we can notice is the Net Income which for this year was $-12,100. This means that Druthers Forming Limited for that year have made a loss which is not good for any kind of bank that is giving a loan worth $350,000, even so if we take a look at the Net Cash Flow from Operations we can see that even with a loss the company can easily cover it with cash. In terms of Financial Activities the net cash flow is $-15,212 which again means that the company already has long term loan and is already affecting the cash flow in a negative way. If we go further to Investing Activities we can clearly see again that the net cash flow for this as well is $-68,204 which again is impacting the cash flow in a negative way but the cause for this is that they have a lot of money invested in land and construction, which in due course could come in a form of return and thus will boast the cash flow. The net cash flow after calculation is only $45,974 and with an addition of beginning cash the ending cash is only $118,550 but as mentioned before there is a possibility that some of the negative net cash flow could turn to positive cash flow. The cash flow has given us an idea of the situation of the cash in the company but now we need to go even deeper with finding out what affect the company has on its ratios. The first and the most important ratios for any company is the Liquidity Ratios which include Current Ratio, Acid Test/Quick Ratio and Cash Ratio. To begin with lets look at the Current Ratio which for 2007 is 3.14:1 and for any bank this is good as this assures that the company will easily is able to pay the loan but in term of the company itself it may not be a good sign as this means that they have more than 3 times the current asset to their current liability which will for sure affect the companies interests and thus will affect the Income Statement at a future stage. If we look at the Acid Test Ratio which for 2007 is 3.01:1 we can come to the same conclusion as before with the Current Ration that it is really good for a bank to offer loan to this company. As for Cash Ratio for 2007 it is 1.38:1 which is really good for any company to have a ratio above 1 is very good and this means that they are managing their cash well and will for sure help them to get their loans easily as this assures banks that they will have enough funds to pay the loan in the future. Another ratio that will help us to understand the situation is the Total Debt Ratio which is total asset minus total equity upon total asset. For the year 2007 the total asset was $423,504 and total equity is $302,115 which is equal to 28.6%. This is not bad for any company but considering the Banks point of view it would be a lot better if it was higher that 30%. The second question requests us to project two years financial statements which are the Statement of Income and Balance Sheet for the year 2008 and 2009. This has been shown in the tables below: The next question that was presented is to consider the working capital requirements, including performing a sensitivity analysis on the days of accounts receivable, inventory and/or accounts payable. As given in the working capital for the year 2007 is $183,129 which compared to previous years has fallen drastically. This means that the financial health of the company is deteriorating and this will keep on happening until the company improves it working capital. In terms of Accounts Receivable, Inventory and/or Accounts Payable the age period is 157 days, 12 days and 57 days respectively. The best way to calculate this is to use ratios and for this purpose we will first look into the Days Sales in Inventory which is 365 / Inventory Turnover which is given as 12 days. This means that the company will receive their inventory 30.4 times in 365 days which is very good for the companys cash flow and will thus benefit the bank as well. As for Accounts Receivable we need to take a look at the ratio called Days Sales in Receivables which is 365 / Receivables Turnover. This is also given to us as 157 days which means that it will take 2.32 times for the company to cover its accounts receivable and in comparison if we look at Accounts Payable the number of days mentioned is only 57 days to 150 days because 85% of the yearly purchase were made from May to September which means that the accounts are payable 2.63 times. We can clearly see in the earlier mentioned figures that the company receives the payment much slower that the number of times it pays which is not the best choice for any company as every company should try and keep its accounts receivable and payable as equal as they can. For example if Druthers Forming Limited changed their receiving period from 157 days to 120 days this will increase the receivable time period to 3.04 times which is a lot better and on the other hand if they try to increase the payable period to 70 days this will mean that the company will need to pay only 2.1 times which is much closer than to their actual state. To be a lot serious the better option for the company is to try to reduce the receivable period to 60 days and increase their payable period to 90 days this will mean that it will take 6.08 times and 4.05 times for the company to receive and pay respectively. This would be the best situation for the company as this means that they will receive cash a lot sooner that paying it. In terms of Inventory that was discussed previously we could consider that 12 days in 365 days is not bad but what if the inventory turnover is changed to 20 days. In this case the company will be selling its inventory 18.3 times a year which will impact the cash flow and the balance sheet thus we can come to a conclusion that it would be better to try and keep the inventory turnover to 12 days and if possible to try to reduce it a little if possible. Thus we could say that due to the difference in receivables to the payables the working capital will keep on decreasing until some changes are done. The next question that is put in front of us is to determine the loan amount needed, and decide on the type and terms of the loan. For this purpose we will consider that the loan has been given and we take it as $350,000 as the amount that will be given as loan. There are mainly two types of loan these are secured and non-secured loans. Secured loans is when a bank gives a loan based on an asset as a guarantee and non secured asset is when there is no asset taken as a guarantee but instead it is given based on the bank balance. In this case the type of loan that we will consider is secure loan and thus the terms of the loan will be based on that the building purchased will be considered as a guarantee for it. The other terms will be that the repayment period for the loan will not exceed 10 years and the interest on the loan every year shall be 5.8%. In case of failure to pay the bank will be eligible to claim the property. The loan will be distributed equally through the 10 year span and the interest every year would be $20300. The question that we then need to consider next is the analysis the risk associated with the loan using the four Cs of credit. To begin with this we first need to know what are the four Cs of credit which are character, capacity, capital and collateral. Character refers to the financial history of the borrower (Murray(a)); this means that we need to access the financial data of the company. Druthers Forming Limited gets between 30% and 70% of their sales from Sheppard Homes which is basically one of their family businesses. Due to this reason most of the other builders in the market are very reluctant to give the company any business. Most of Druthers suppliers offered them 30 to 60 day credit term and they did the same as well but the problem with this as mentioned before in the earlier section is that they still ended up paying their creditors before the received any cash from the debtors. This also means that the company has always paid their creditors and even if we take a look at the long term debt of the company they have been paying their debts at a consistent pace. Capacity refers to the ability of the business to generate revenues in order to pay back the loan (Murray(b)). As mentioned before the company did make a loss in the year 2007 and the sales of the company has fallen drastically in a span of three years. This is not the only problem they are having as the cash flow is also not doing very well and unless some changes are done they will keep on having bad cash flow. Capital refers to the capital assets of the business such as machinery and equipment, etc. (Murray(c)) If we look at the balance sheet for the year 2007, we can see that the fixed asset consists of only land and construction in progress which is not much compared to what normally the companys fixed assets tend to be. Collateral is the cash and assets a business owner pledges owner pledges to secure a loan (Murray(d)). As mentioned before the company has not much fixed assets and this means that they do not have any asset to give as security for the loan but as we already know that the company needs the money to purchase a building we can consider it as a guarantee for the loan. Now we need to evaluate several options (deny the loan, grant the request or defer the request) available to the lender to determine which option is the best for this decision. As mentioned in the question we need to consider three options the first option is to deny the loan which considering the companies past would be a better choice as the company has made a loss in 2007, in addition they do not have a good cash flow and last but not the least they have no assets to offer as security which is imposible for a bank to give a loan without a security. The second option to grant the request as mentioned would not be wise but there is some hope in terms of this as we could consider the building that will be purchased as security so that in case of any failure to pay, we could consider the building as payment for the loan but by the looks of things the company has never really failed to pay their long term loans and this is a good sign for any bank. The last option to defer the loan and this may actually be the best option as the company does not have enough funds to pay the bank plus they have no security to properly cover the loan. The best thing would be ei ther to wait for another six months to a year to see the status of the companys finance and then the company could put in another request. The last question that was asked to us was as Mac Dougall, to decide whether to lend funds and to provide supporting rationale for this decision. After giving a lot of thinking to this it seems that it would be better that instead of actually giving the whole amount we can come to an agreement that the bank will give a loan of $200,000 for the first year with an interest of 5.8% per year which is $11,600 per year for a span of 10 years and in case the situation of the company is better after six months or a year, we could offer another $150,000 with the same conditions as above but the company will need to give 60% of the ownership of the building to the bank as security for this loan incase of failure to pay. This may not be the best option for Druthers Forming Limited but considering their week cash flow and balance sheet it would be difficult for any bank to offer the total amount of loan without being fully sure that the company can pay the loan and interest. Bibliography Murray, J. (n.d.). The 4 Cs of Credit for Business Loan. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from About.com: http://biztaxlaw.about.com/od/financingyourstartup/a/4csofcredit.htm Murray, J. (n.d.). The 4 Cs of Credit for Business Loan. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from About.com: http://biztaxlaw.about.com/od/financingyourstartup/a/4csofcredit.htm Murray, J. (n.d.). The 4 Cs of Credit for Business Loans. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from About.com: http://biztaxlaw.about.com/od/financingyourstartup/a/4csofcredit.htm Murray, J. (n.d.). The 4 Cs of Credit for Business Loans . Retrieved August 8, 2010, from About.com: http://biztaxlaw.about.com/od/financingyourstartup/a/4csofcredit.htm